Medical Case Reports

Introduction

The metabolic disorder that affects children the most is called Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM). It is a chronic condition that develops when the body is unable to use insulin or the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin. The hormone known as insulin is what the body uses to make it possible for glucose to enter human cells and, in turn, produce energy. Type 1 diabetes can be brought on by viruses or genetic factors. This kind of illness usually shows up in childhood or adolescence, but it can also happen in adulthood. T1DM affects about 5% of diabetics, is characterized by rapid onset of symptoms, and is typically diagnosed in children, adolescents, and young adults.

In children and adolescents, type 1 diabetes is rapid and progressive; it could result in a number of potentially fatal complications, including diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient with Type 1 diabetes mellitus may experience extreme hunger, excessive thirst, frequent urination, bed-wetting in children, and weight loss without effort, blurry vision, and irritability, mood swings on a regular basis, fatigue, and weakness among other symptoms. Type 1 diabetes mellitus does not have a treatment, despite extensive research. Type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment has been aimed at dealing with the sugar levels in patients utilizing insulin, way of life, and count calories to beat different difficulties.

Self-Efficacy of Adolescents and Parents of Young Children

One in every 300 people worldwide has type 1 diabetes, and the prevalence of the condition is steadily rising by 3% per year. The global population of young children and adolescents faces a significant challenge as a result of this aspect. 1,106,500 million young people under the age of 20 are afflicted with T1DM. T1DM's incidence and prevalence as the population of North America, Europe, and the Caribbean grows worldwide; indicate a worldwide issue. The prevalence of T1DM among Jordanian children under the age of 14 was found to be 3.2 per 100,000. There was an 18% increase in the prevalence of T1DM among Jordanian children between 2011 and 2016, according to another study. This rise may suggest that Jordan is dealing with a significant issue and is working to improve health care. A study on the impact of diabetes education programs on the selfefficacy of adolescents and parents of young children with T1DM is needed in light of this issue.

Educational interventions aimed at altering a particular behavior are one method that has been suggested for providing appropriate self-management. Young people and caregivers alike will be empowered to promote self-efficacy by this action. The Wellbeing Conviction Hypothesis and The coordinated hypothesis of wellbeing conduct change support the review reasoning for giving diabetes schooling to advance diabetes selfviability. Wellbeing conviction hypothesis makes sense of that, for a patient to embrace a conduct change, they need to grasp factors like the apparent seriousness of the infection, saw helplessness, and saw advantage of conduct change. The patient needs to comprehend the advantages of adopting new habits as well as the disadvantages of continuing a particular behavior. As a result, the approach will boost self-efficacy among patients and caregivers. This can only be accomplished by a healthcare system with enough education. According to the integrated theory of health behavior change, the only way to change community behavior is to improve skills and knowledge.

Self-adequacy is individuals' faith in their capacity to accomplish assignments and objectives through their ways of behaving. By setting clear goals to encourage healthy and positive behavior, this aspect can be achieved. One example of an educational program that is primarily based on the realization that children and adolescents require an individual, patient-centered approach to developing diabetes-related and comprehensive self-efficacy is the diabetes education program. In addition, a multidisciplinary program for monitoring families and children with T1DM has been developed by the diabetes education program. The education activity is carried out by clinical nurse specialists who address concerns regarding the administration of medications, the monitoring of blood glucose, and the resolution of both acute and chronic complications. They additionally evaluate the guardians' information and abilities in observing glucose and overseeing insulin. These educational activities are carried out prior to, during, or immediately following a medical consultation.

Influence Patients' and Caregivers' Self- Efficacy

In addition, patients' and caregivers' self-efficacy could be effectively enhanced by evidence-based education. This kind of education could significantly reduce complications and, as a result, improve their quality of life. Patients and caregivers will be empowered to take the lead in the treatment plan if they have better self-management skills. This aspect would save the nation's resources and lessen the burden of T1DM expenditures. In spite of this discovery, it has been established that very few studies have been conducted to examine the impact of diabetes education programs on the self-efficacy of adolescents and parents of T1DM-suffering young children.

In general, providing education and training may not guarantee that patients and caregivers understand their treatment plans adequately. Therefore, it is essential to test the impact of diabetic health education on the self-efficacy of both the patient and the caregiver in order to identify areas that require additional attention and enhancement. Additionally, examining variables that influence patients' and caregivers' selfefficacy, such as demographic and disease/management-relate variables, could significantly assist healthcare providers in making changes to these variables whenever possible.

One of the entanglements in overseeing diabetes is the inability to give medical services for individuals’ diabetes. Children with diabetes and their caregivers may suffer from inadequate diabetes education and self-management due to this deficiency. This is the purpose for the Jordanian Nursing Chamber enacts studies Nursing Regulation to open the way for care suppliers to satisfy their job in teaching youngsters and youths with diabetes. Furthermore, the absence of an organized and uniform diabetic training that is proof based could extensively deny the patients and their guardians of the satisfactory information they need to really oversee T1DM. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the diabetes education program improved the self-efficacy of Jordanian adolescents and parents of young children with T1DM.